Comparative Analysis of Free Formaldehyde Determination Methods in Acne Treatment Product Samples: Perbandingan Metode Pengujian Formaldehida Bebas pada Sampel Produk Anti jerawat

Della Neny Handayani; Ovie Sriwahyuning Tias; Fanny Sadewa; Rischa Ayu Ameilia; Suwarno; Maulia; Cicik Herlina Yulianti

doi:10.53342/pharmasci.v11i2.598

Authors

Della Neny Handayani
Ovie Sriwahyuning Tias
Fanny Sadewa
Rischa Ayu Ameilia
Suwarno
Maulia
Cicik Herlina Yulianti Akademi Farmasi Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v11i2.598

Keywords:

Asam Kromatropat,, Formaldehida,, Kualitatif,, Produk anti jerawat,, Schiff,, Kuantitatif,

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the qualitative Schiff reagent method and the semi-quantitative chromotropic acid method for the analysis of formaldehyde in anti-acne products. The characteristics of both methods were evaluated descriptively, encompassing reaction principles, type of testing, operating procedures, observation time, detection limits, and their capability to detect the presence of formaldehyde in the samples. Out of the 20 products tested, the qualitative method detected 15 positive and 5 negative samples. Meanwhile, the semi-quantitative method identified 14 positive and 6 negative samples, with the concentration breakdown consisting of 7 low-risk samples (<2.5 ppm), 5 samples within the 2.5–500 ppm range, and 2 samples within the 500–2,000 ppm range. In terms of characteristics, the qualitative Schiff test is instant and suitable for initial screening. Conversely, the semi-quantitative chromotropic acid test is far more sensitive in mapping estimated formaldehyde levels. Therefore, the implementation of the semi-quantitative chromotropic acid method is highly recommended in this study as a reference instrument to minimize allergic risks for consumers.

References

1. Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 17 Tahun 2022 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 23 Tahun 2019 Tentang Persyaratan Teknis Bahan Kosmetika. Tersedia dari: https://standar-otskk.pom.go.id/storage/uploads/7dc41b4f-e780-4ce9-8b0a-e939ebc1f0f6/PerBPOM-no.-17-tahun-2022.pdf

2. Wardani, G. A., & Sari, M. Identifikasi Formalin pada Kunyit Giling di Pasar Tradisional. Journal of Pharmacy and Science (JOPS). 2018; 2(1):25-29.

3. Drastini, Y., & Widiasih, D. A. Studi metode Schiff untuk deteksi kadar formalin pada ikan bandeng laut (Chanos-chanos). Jurnal Sain Veteriner. 2009; 27(1): 21–27.

4. Anggraini, D., Sari Y., Anggriawan D., Firdaus M. PERFORMA (Paper Test Kit Formalin) sebagai Alternatif Pemilihan Kualitas Bahan Makanan. Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pangan, dkk. 2015; 3(2)

5. Hermanto, S., Muawanah, A., & Wardhani, P. Analisis Formalin pada Sampel Menggunakan Metode Asam Kromatropat dan Pereaksi Schiff. Jurnal Valensi: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Ilmu Kimia. 2013; 3(1): 44-51.

6. Scientia, A., & Amin, M. Assessment of Spectrophotometric Methods and Chromotropic Acid Test for Cosmetic Formulations. Journal of Food and Cosmetic Analysis. 2025; 41(3), 205-212.

7. Poulsen PB, Miljøstyrelsen. Survey and Risk Assessment Of Free Formaldehyde In Cosmetic Products. Denmark: Danish Environmental Protection Agency; 2023.

8. Poulsen, L., dkk. Analysis of Formaldehyde Release from Cosmetic Formulations using Chromotropic Acid Reagent Methods. Journal of Food and Cosmetic Analysis, 2023; 41(3): 205-212

9. Aprillia, A. Y., & Tuslinah, L. Penetapan kadar formalin pada buah impor di Kota Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada. 2017; 17(1): 153-159

10. Noorrela, L., & Munggaran, I. P. Analisa kualitatif formalin pada sampel ikan asin di pasar sederhana kota Bandung.

Food Scientia: Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2021; 1(1): 49–57

11. SCCS, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). Request for a scientific ad vice on the threshold for the warning ‘contains formaldehyde’ in Annex V, preamble point 2 for formaldehyde-releasing substances. 2021.

12. Fagnani, E., Melios, C. B., Pezza, L., & Pezza, H. R. Chromotropic acid–formaldehyde reaction in strongly acidic media: The role of dissolved oxygen and replacement of concentrated sulphuric acid. Talanta. 2003; 60(1): 171–176.

13. Pezza, L., Pezza, H. R., & Melios, C. B. Analytical challenges in formaldehyde determination: Comparative study on colorimetric chromophores. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2023; 78(4): 512–521.